Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, remitting and relapsing, multisystem autoimmune disease affects predominantly women, with an incidence of 1 in 700 among women between the ages of 20 and 60 years, about 1 in 250 among black women, and 10:1 female to male ratio. The clinical features of SLE is so variable that the American College of Rheumatology has established criteria for diagnosis of this disorder.
What must women know about cervical cancer symptoms ?
Cervical cancer symptoms often go unnoticed because many women genital abnormalities may show the same symptoms which difficult to be differentiated in the early stage of diseases. Many women pass these symptoms off as PMS or ovulation pains. Many times, however, cervical cancer has no symptoms. When symptoms are present, they usually do not appear until the cancer is more advanced. This does vary from woman to woman. continue reading…
Cervical Cancer
What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer is a disease that affects the cervix of the female reproductive system. The cervix is the lower end of the uterus, and leads the uterus to the vagina. In Indonesia, incidence of cervical cancer is still the highest among female neoplasm, followed by breast cancer.
Papanicolau (Cervical) Smear
The cervical smear is a screening test designed to detect pre-cancerous changes in the cervix (neck of the womb). Pre-cancerous changes called cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) are common in all age groups and cause no symptoms. This means that women will not be aware of CIN unless they have a screening test. The first stage in cervical screening is either a smear test or Liquid Based Cytology (LBC).
There is always the potential that pre-cancerous changes might go on to become actual cancer of the cervix. It is not certain how long it takes for the abnormal cells to develop into cancer. continue reading…
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
The most common type of nasopharyngeal tumour is nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) – A carcinoma arising in the nasopharyngeal mucosa that shows light microscopic or ultrastructural evidence of squamous differentiation. It encompasses squamous cell carcinoma, non keratinizing carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma and salivary gland type carcinoma are excluded.
Epidemiology
NPC shows a distinct racial, geographical distribution and multifactorial etiology. Globally, there were approximately 65,000 incidence and 38,000 deaths in the year 2000. continue reading…
Subscribe for Email Updates
