Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, remitting and relapsing, multisystem autoimmune disease affects predominantly women, with an incidence of 1 in 700 among women between the ages of 20 and 60 years, about 1 in 250 among black women, and 10:1 female to male ratio. The clinical features of SLE is so variable that [...]
Read moreWhat must women know about cervical cancer symptoms ?
Cervical cancer symptoms often go unnoticed because many women genital abnormalities may show the same symptoms which difficult to be differentiated in the early stage of diseases. Many women pass these symptoms off as PMS or ovulation pains. Many times, however, cervical cancer has no symptoms. When symptoms are present, they usually do not appear [...]
Read moreCervical Cancer
What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer is a disease that affects the cervix of the female reproductive system. The cervix is the lower end of the uterus, and leads the uterus to the vagina. In Indonesia, incidence of cervical cancer is still the highest among female neoplasm, followed by breast cancer.
Papanicolau (Cervical) Smear
The cervical smear is a screening test designed to detect pre-cancerous changes in the cervix (neck of the womb). Pre-cancerous changes called cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) are common in all age groups and cause no symptoms. This means that women will not be aware of CIN unless they have a screening test. The first stage [...]
Read moreNasopharyngeal Carcinoma
The most common type of nasopharyngeal tumour is nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) – A carcinoma arising in the nasopharyngeal mucosa that shows light microscopic or ultrastructural evidence of squamous differentiation. It encompasses squamous cell carcinoma, non keratinizing carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma and salivary gland type carcinoma are excluded.
Epidemiology
NPC shows a [...]
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